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Status of domestic gasification technology in China

Zhimin HUANG , Jiansheng ZHANG , Guangxi YUE ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 330-336 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0021-1

摘要： Five domestic gasification technologies in China were presented and reviewed, including opposed multi-burner (OMB) gasification technology of coal water slurry (CWS), oxygen staged gasification technology, two-stage dry feed entrained flow gasification, pulverized coal gasification process of HT-L, and ash agglomerating fluidized bed gasification. The former four technologies belong to pressurized entrained flow gasification technology. The process description, technology characteristics, research and development process, performance indexes and commercialization progress of these technologies were mainly discussed.

关键词： domestic gasification technology research and development performance commercialization

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EGG PRODUCTION IN CHINA: CURRENT STATUS AND OUTLOOK

Ning YANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 25-34 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020363

摘要： Eggs are one of the most nutritious and affordable animal products worldwide. From 1985, egg production in China has retained the leading place in the world. A total of 33 Mt of eggs were produced in 2019 representing ˃ 40% of the world total production. Egg production in China is characterized by diversity in several aspects, including layer breeds, products and production systems. New breeds and synthetic lines are developed to improve the genetic potentials of egg production and feed efficiency of layers. In the past, layer farms were run mostly by small households with 100 to 1000 layers per farm. Over the past decades, egg production in China has developed toward standardization and expansion of production systems, and many of these modern intensive farms raise millions of layers. Although the Chinese egg products maintain strong competitiveness over other animal products and imported egg products, the egg industry will grow at a slower pace compared to the past. Chinese consumers are more concerned about the quality and safety of eggs and egg products, as well as the environmental issues related to animal production, which presents challenges for the Chinese egg industry.

关键词： poultry farms China diversity egg production trends

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图像工程及在中国的研究状况和文献分布

章毓晋

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第8期页码 91-94

摘要：

文章对图像工程这一新学科的定义和内容作了介绍，对图像工程的理论和图像技术的应用给出了详细的分类。本文在此基础上就近五年我国图像工程有关重要文献作了统计和分析，概括了图像工程在我国的发展现状、研究趋势和应用范围，对从事图像工程研究和图像技术应用的人员提供信息和参考。

关键词：图像工程图像处理图像分析图像理解技术应用综述

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EGG PRODUCTION IN CHINA: CURRENT STATUS AND OUTLOOK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 25-34

摘要：

• China is now the largest egg production country worldwide

• Egg production in China is characterized by diversity in several aspects

• China is now capable of breeding new varieties, with more than 50% of the market share

• Policies have been implemented to ensure sustainable development of egg production

• Integrating crop-chicken-vegetable production system is established

Eggs are one of the most nutritious and affordable animal products worldwide. From 1985, egg production in China has retained the leading place in the world. A total of 33 Mt of eggs were produced in 2019 representing ˃ 40% of the world total production. Egg production in China is characterized by diversity in several aspects, including layer breeds, products and production systems. New breeds and synthetic lines are developed to improve the genetic potentials of egg production and feed efficiency of layers. In the past, layer farms were run mostly by small households with 100 to 1000 layers per farm. Over the past decades, egg production in China has developed toward standardization and expansion of production systems, and many of these modern intensive farms raise millions of layers. Although the Chinese egg products maintain strong competitiveness over other animal products and imported egg products, the egg industry will grow at a slower pace compared to the past. Chinese consumers are more concerned about the quality and safety of eggs and egg products, as well as the environmental issues related to animal production, which presents challenges for the Chinese egg industry.

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Evaluation of the ecological status with benthic indices in the coastal system: the case of Bohai Bay(China)

Wenqian CAI,Wei MENG,Lusan LIU,Kuixuan LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第5期页码 737-746 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0617-x

摘要： Based on biologic and environmental materials collected from coastal areas of Bohai Bay (China) in April, 2008, three biotic indices (AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), Shannon–Wiener Index and -statistic) were applied together to evaluate the ecological status of the sampling area. The results showed a clear spatial gradient from a worse ecological status in the near-shore areas (especially around Haihe and Jiyun River Estuaries) to a better status in the offshore areas. While all the three indices could assist decision makers in visualizing spatial changes of organic pollutants in Bohai Bay, two indices, i.e., AMBI and Shannon-Wiener index, were effective in distinguishing sites from Haihe River Estuary, Jiyun River Estuary and other area. However, -statistic can’t tell the differences between estuaries and other area. It would be explained that organic pollutants and/or other environmental stresses in Bohai Bay were not strong enough to reduce the size of macrozoobenthos, which may cause both of the abundance and biomass curves crossed. To our knowledge, this is the first time that several benthic indices were used to assess the benthic ecological status in Bohai Bay, which gave the similar results. Furthermore, there is indication that the ecological status is related to excess input of wastewater along main rivers and outlets. In a word, AMBI, Shannon–Wiener Index and -statistic could be able to assess the benthic ecological status of Bohai Bay under the organic pollutants pressure.

关键词： AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index Shannon-Wiener Index W-statistic ecological status coastal system Bohai Bay (China)

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Status of hyperhomocysteinemia in China: results from the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 903-912 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0871-4

摘要： A nationwide survey was conducted from October 2018 to September 2019 to assess the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) and its influencing factors in China. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information. Hhcy was defined as the level of serum homocysteine (HCY)

≥

15.0 µmol/L. The H-type hypertension (HHYP) was defined as hypertension with an elevated serum HCY (

≥

15.0 µmol/L). Finally, 110 551 residents

≥

40 years of age from 31 provinces in the mainland of China were included. Overall, the median serum HCY level was 10.9 µmol/L (interquartile range 7.9–15.1). A total of 28 633 participants (25.9%) were defined as Hhcy. The Hhcy prevalence ranged from 7.9% in Shanghai to 56.8% in Tianjin. The data showed that serum HCY levels were associated with age, male gender, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, ethnicity, endurance in exercise (inverse), and fruit and vegetable intake (inverse). In addition, 15 486 participants were defined as HHYP, and the rate was 14.0%. HHYP was an independent predictor of stroke with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.752 (95% CI 1.338–2.105). The geographical distribution pattern of the Hhcy epidemic reflects dynamic differences, and national strategies should be carried out to further improve the care of patients with Hhcy across China.

关键词： homocysteine hyperhomocysteinemia H-type hypertension Chinese

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Arsenic in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia: current status and future research

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 45-52 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0117-y

摘要：

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. In past decades, intensive studies on the biology and treatment of this disease have resulted in a remarkably thorough understanding of its pathogenesis and improvement of treatment outcomes. In particular, the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid to conventional chemotherapy improved dramatically the remission and survival rates of APL patients and consequently became the major treatment modality for it. In the last decade, the groundbreaking development of arsenic further improved the survival rate of APL patients. As the most active agent in APL, arsenic directly degrades the PML-RARα fusion transcript, leading to the differentiation and apoptosis of leukemia cells and the potential eradication of APL leukemia-initiating cells (LICs), thus making the disease a potentially curable type of leukemia. More notably, the recent development of oral arsenic compounds may further enhance not only clinical outcomes but also the convenience of patients, which may dramatically change the APL clinical scenario in the near future.

关键词： acute promyelocytic leukemia arsenic all-trans retinoic acid survival

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Current status and prospects of reliability systems engineering in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 492-502 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0172-2

摘要： This study provides a systematic overview of the advent and evolution of reliability systems engineering (RSE) in China, and the latest RSE development, that is, model-based RSE (MBRSE), is emphatically introduced. The establishment of the system architecture and conceptual models of MBRSE is first described. The fundamental theory and methodology of MBRSE are then elaborated, with a V-model as the core of this approach. The development of various MBRSE platforms and the effectiveness of their implementation over the past 30 years are presented. The prospective trends in the development of RSE in China are outlined.

关键词： reliability effectiveness model-based systems engineering reliability systems engineering

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Review of aeroelasticity for wind turbine: Current status, research focus and future perspectives

Pinting ZHANG, Shuhong HUANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 419-434 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0166-6

摘要： Aeroelasticity has become a critical issue for Multi-Megawatt wind turbine due to the longer and more flexible blade. In this paper, the development of aeroelasticity and aeroelastic codes for wind turbine is reviewed and the aeroelastic models for wind turbine blade are described, based on which, the current research focuses for large scale wind turbine are discussed, including instability problems for onshore and offshore wind turbines, effects of complex inflow, nonlinear effects of large blade deflection, smart structure technologies, and aerohydroelasticity. Finally, the future development of aeroelastic code for large scale wind turbine: aeroservoelasticity and smart rotor control; nonlinear aeroelasticity due to large blade deflection; full-scale 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solution for dynamics; and aerohydroelasticity are presented.

关键词： wind turbine aeroelasticity aeroelastic code

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Review on the progress of ultra-precision machining technologies

Julong YUAN, Binghai LYU, Wei HANG, Qianfa DENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第2期页码 158-180 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0455-9

摘要：

Ultra-precision machining technologies are the essential methods, to obtain the highest form accuracy and surface quality. As more research findings are published, such technologies now involve complicated systems engineering and been widely used in the production of components in various aerospace, national defense, optics, mechanics, electronics, and other high-tech applications. The conception, applications and history of ultra-precision machining are introduced in this article, and the developments of ultra-precision machining technologies, especially ultra-precision grinding, ultra-precision cutting and polishing are also reviewed. The current state and problems of this field in China are analyzed. Finally, the development trends of this field and the coping strategies employed in China to keep up with the trends are discussed.

关键词： ultra-precision grinding ultra-precision cutting ultra-precision polishing research status in China development tendency

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西部旱区寒区草类植物种质资源研究现状与发展机制

师尚礼

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第4期页码 81-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.016

摘要： His major research field is grass germplasm resources and breeding.E-mail: shishl@gsau.edu.cn

Funding project:Chinese Academy of Engineering project “Research

关键词：西部旱区寒区；草类植物；种质资源；创新利用；种业

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Current status of municipal wastewater treatment plants in North-east China: implications for reforming

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1673-5

摘要：

● The performance and costs of 20 municipal WWTPs were analyzed.

关键词： Low temperature Municipal WWTPs Cold region Electricity consumption Nitrogen removal

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Stem cell research in hepatocellular carcinoma

SUN Chengyi, ZUO Shi

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 1-4 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0001-6

摘要： The traditional view that adult human liver tumors, mainly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), arise from mature cell types has been challenged in recent decades. The results of several studies suggest that HCC can be derived from liver stem cells. There are four levels of cells in the liver stem cell lineage: hepatocytes, hepatic stem cells/oval cells, bone marrow stem cells and hepato-pancreas stem cells. However, whether HCC is resulted from the differentiation block of stem cells and, moreover, which liver stem cell lineage is the source cell of hepatocarcinogenesis remain controversial. In this review, we focus on the current status of liver stem cell research and their roles in carcinogenesis of HCC, in order to explore new approaches for stem cell therapy of HCC.

关键词： lineage hepato-pancreas differentiation block carcinogenesis current status

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天然气水合物资源勘探与试采技术研究现状与发展战略

付强,周守为,李清平

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第9期页码 123-132

摘要：

天然气水合物是甲烷等烃类气体与水在高压低温条件下形成的笼形化合物，俗称可燃冰，将有望成为继页岩气、致密气、煤层气、油砂等之后的储量最为巨大的接替能源，主要分布在北极冻土带和沿海大陆架300~3000 m水深的深水区，初步估计其资源量为全球含碳化合物的两倍，其中约95 %储存在深海区域；与此同时，深水浅层弱胶结水合物的无序分解等潜在工程地质灾害、温室效应等也已引起世界各国的高度重视，因此，天然气水合物资源安全高效开发和环境风险并重，成为当前世界科技创新的前沿。本文回顾了国内外天然气水合物资源勘探和试采技术研究进展，在此基础上，针对我国海域潜在目标区以及我国已经获取的天然气水合物样品的相关特性，提出了我国天然气水合物资源勘探开发技术方向。

关键词：天然气水合物；勘探与试采；储量巨大；研究现状；发展战略

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Comparative analysis of energy use in China building sector: current status, existing problems and solutions

Shengyuan ZHANG, Xiu YANG, Yi JIANG, Qingpeng WEI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 2-21 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0023-z

摘要： Energy use in buildings has attracted more and more attention due to its significant proportion in the energy pan of the world. China is the second largest energy user, yet the situation of energy use in the China building sector remains unclear, due to problems of statistics and data processing and problematic use of these data. In this paper, a series of methods is developed, in the first place, to give strict definitions of energy data and to divide energy use into 4 sub-sectors according to the unique situation of China. Then, each sub-sector is further analyzed through international comparisons. Existing problems of energy use and solutions for energy reduction in each sub-sector are also discussed. Accordingly, it is found that China uses much less energy, in terms of both per capita and unit area, in buildings than developed countries. The difference in energy use could be attributed, in large part, to lifestyles of local people, which could determine their way of energy use but is more determined by cultural concepts than by others such as income, technique and so on, especially in China. However, to fulfill the requirements of lifestyles with higher living standards and lower energy consumption, technological innovations are needed.

关键词： building energy use lifestyle and technology residential building commercial building rural building